Physical Examination of the Spine and Extremities

Volume 6 of Current Progress in Obstetrics and Gynaecology has been complied during the most challenging time of the Covid – 19 pandemic. In spite of the challenges that all of us have faced thrughout the world, the editors are delighted to produce a state-of-the-art volume on many of the important challenges in contemporary obstetrics and gyaecology. The first part of this volume addresses a spectrum of gynaecologic topics, including infertility, the special challenges of female athletes, early ovarian aging, diagnosis and management of adnexal masses, endoscopic surgery, minimising blood loss in surgery and diagnosing and managing gynaecologic complications. The second part of this volume deals with myriad of obstetric topics, including epigenetics, the hormonal transition int motherhood, maternal infections leading to congenital defects, the important of multidisciplinary care in managing foetal anomalies, the evolving antenatal management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, the current approach to antepartum haemorrhage and the important role of ultrasound in the management of labour and delivery. The volume closes with the relevance of professional ethics to the clinical practice of obstetrics and gynaecology. The editors are grateful to all of the authors who have given their expertise selflessly at this difficult time and enabled this volume to improve the care of obstetric and gynaecologic patients throughout the world.