The human Immunodeficiency Virus has scant respect for any boundaries – anatomical, geographic, economic or those defining medical specialities, So this unique book of illustrative cases will appeal to practitioners in any field of medicine who find themselves grappling with the unending challengers that this diseases poses. As the developed world closes the chapter on opportunistic infections in AIDS and shifts its focus to issues of chronic inflammation and premature ageing; the HIV physician in the developing world must remain cognizant of the ever changing diagnostic, treatment modalities and the myriad clinical, social and financial factors that determine management options and outcomes. It is this agility of clinical thought and practice that is highlighted in this book with an informal case-based approach. The MCQ – based style is not intended to make the discussions objective. It is but a reflections of the actual thought process as it evolves from subtle clues in the history or evaluation and consider possible alternatives at each step. The choice is discussed with the help of standard resources and guidelines with reference to allow the reader a more detailed review. Although some of the options may seem obsolete in 2018, they will strike a chord with the HIV physician who struggled with fewer, more toxic ART regimens in years past.